Friday, May 11, 2018

My Journey as a Composer by Lindsey Berwin

British teacher and composer Lindsey Berwin is my guest writer today. She has written several pedagogical publications for teachers and students. I asked Lindsey about her work as a composer, and why composing has become an increasingly important element in her life. Over to Lindsey…


My journey as a composer began some thirty years ago, primarily in response to my pupils’ pedagogical needs and their requests for specific repertoire. Little could I have known then that I was embarking on a voyage which would blossom into a passion, providing me with a wonderful means of self-expression as a musician, and of self-discovery as a person.

I was privileged to have spent four invaluable years studying at The Royal Academy of Music, but I never received any instruction in composition. Thus, I was left to rely on my experience, knowledge and instincts as a pianist and teacher, to guide me through this unfamiliar territory! My first works included a sight-reading series, subsequently entitled ‘FunKey!’, a number of bespoke duets, a set of jazz-style technical exercises and a piano course for pre-school children.

A significant turning point for me was the discovery of The EPTA annual composers’ competition. This opportunity provided the catalyst for me to broaden my compositional horizons. In addition, it spurred me on to incorporate this creative element of music into my teaching, resulting in many years of enjoyment and satisfaction for both myself and my pupils.

In terms of my own development as a composer, having begun to explore a freer range of writing, the creative process gradually gathered momentum. I revelled in the technical challenges of wrestling with toccatas, fugues and studies, and in the chance to explore both the field of tonalities and the world of the subconscious. The latter resulted in works of a somewhat philosophical nature, such as Chromatic Fantasy, Enigma and Tunnel Vision, and, influenced by the jazz idiom, Introspection.

Opening out the parameters of composition meant the need to adopt diverse approaches. The above mentioned FunKey!, and its flute counterpart Jazz Keys, both later published by Kevin Mayhew, were written very much as teaching aids, intended to improve students’ reading and transposition skills. I created most of the material away from the instrument, relying on my inner hearing, and the process felt predominantly cerebral in its nature.

In order to compose more complex repertoire, working at the piano was, and remains, a necessity. Pieces with a specific structure, and those with a technical purpose again have their roots in a cerebral process. Fugal writing, in particular, has a methodical, almost mechanical aspect to its construction, and I find composing music of this type immensely rewarding intellectually. By contrast, compositions of the more philosophical nature emanate from my emotions (although edited by my intellect!), often providing a cathartic experience and an outlet for life’s complexities.

‘All The Fun Of The Fair’, published recently by EVC music, was my first substantial collection of pieces, and my inaugural venture into the realms of programme music. The suite consists of ten pieces representing different fairground rides, and I wanted to produce a sound-world which suitably described each. For this task I turned to my imagination for inspiration. Coming full circle, and returning to my metaphor of a journey, I hope that the following whistle-stop tour of the fairground will show how I set about achieving my aim, and provide an entertaining conclusion to this blog

The Ghost Train

An eerie, rubato introduction sets the scene. A left-hand ostinato based on augmented 4ths represents the movement of the train, while the right-hand mimics the sound of its whistle. Tension builds, until fortissimo chords herald the appearance of a frightening apparition. The train restarts twice more, the last time accelerating, until octaves, played presto, lead into a final terrifying encounter!

The Lotus Flower Ferris Wheel

The movement of a slowly turning Ferris Wheel is captured by fluid writing and gently rising and falling phrases. To add to the feeling of tranquillity, parallel 4ths are employed, transporting the performer and listener to the beauty of the Orient.

The Roller Coaster

An atmosphere of excitement tinged with fear is set from the start! The whole-tone scale rises, as the passengers are slowly carried to the summit. The cars descend dramatically, represented by vivace chromatic semiquavers, becoming dissonant along the way to reflect the cries of the riders. Twice more this scene is repeated, and the final descent builds in contrary motion to a fortissimo climax.

The UFO

Slow, dissonant chords create a feeling of outer-space, leading into an appassionato section which gradually rises to a soaring fortissimo. The music then slowly dies away, with descending sequential imitation. A return to the opening style follows, but this time, almost like gravity, the harmony pulls us away from uncertainty (dissonance) to end with a feeling of peace (consonance).

The Mechanical Bull

A Latin style, characteristic rhythms and ornamentation carry us to the world of the Spanish matador. The 5/4 time signature at the start, and the later insistent ostinato add humour, as the rider attempts to stay mounted. As the ending approaches, a repeated pattern rises from the depths of the piano. It culminates in a fortissimo descending glissando, as the jockey finally admits defeat!

The Coconut Shy

Each hand represents a person competing to win the prize in this final piece. Acciaccaturas, imitation and changing time signatures, combined with considerable dissonance including bitonality, bring All The Fun Of The Fair to a suitably quirky and light-hearted ending!

You can purchase Funkey!, here and All the Fun of the Fair, here.


My Publications:

For much more information about how to practice piano repertoire, take a look at my two-book piano course, Play it again: PIANO (Schott). Covering a huge array of styles and genres, 49 progressive pieces from approximately Grade 1 – 8 level are featured, with at least two pages of practice tips for every piece. A convenient and beneficial course for students of any age, with or without a teacher, and it can also be used alongside piano examination syllabuses too.

You can find out more about my other piano publications and compositions here.


 



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Wednesday, May 9, 2018

Lang Lang Music Theory Cards Twitter Competition

The new Lang Lang Music Theory Cards, published just last month by Faber Music, are colourful, informative and innovative. Fifty-two colour coded cards are designed to extend knowledge and make theory an enjoyable experience for students, teachers and parents. Each pack features imaginative questions to improve note-reading and music theory skills. The cards are the latest addition to the Lang Lang Piano Academy; they can be used in conjunction with the Lang Lang Piano Method and are suitable for complete beginners.

With questions such as ‘True or false’, ‘What’s the difference?’ and ‘Explain this!’ alongside favourite characters displayed in the piano method books, these fun-filled packs add a different dimension to learning theory, offering an engaging, appealing adventure. Chinese concert pianist Lang Lang is renowned for his work in music education and has inspired millions of children to study the piano.

“Learning an instrument can be a really important part of a child’s development and a great way to improve many things like concentration and focus. Learning needs to be enjoyable as well and I’m sure kids will make good progress and be inspired to keep going with this series.”
Lang Lang

Wednesday Competition

Today I’m giving away five packs of Theory Cards via a competition to be held at lunchtime on Twitter (Wednesday 9th May). Join Lang Lang (@lang_lang), Faber (@FaberMusic) and me (@ClassicalMel) from 12.30pm, when we will be tweeting a series of Question Tweets, and the first correct answer wins a pack of cards! Hope to see you there…

You can purchase the cards here, and sign up to Faber Music’s mailing list here, to hear more about The Lang Lang Piano Academy, plus music education and piano news & ideas from Faber Music.


My Publications:

For much more information about how to practice piano repertoire, take a look at my two-book piano course, Play it again: PIANO (Schott). Covering a huge array of styles and genres, 49 progressive pieces from approximately Grade 1 – 8 level are featured, with at least two pages of practice tips for every piece. A convenient and beneficial course for students of any age, with or without a teacher, and it can also be used alongside piano examination syllabuses too.

You can find out more about my other piano publications and compositions here.



 



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Thursday, May 3, 2018

Are you all Fingers and Thumbs?

My most recent article for Pianist Magazine’s e-newsletter (you can read it here) focuses on the thumb. As always, my intention is to draw attention to an area of piano playing which may benefit from concentrated practice. I notice in my own teaching that students perpetually work to achieve and maintain finger strength, but then leave the poor old thumb to its own devices. Here are five practice suggestions.


Thumbs. They might just be appendages stuck on the side of our hands, but for any pianist, they are important additions to our armoury of articulation. If used optimally, the thumb can enable easy turning (both under and over the hand) for smooth passagework, and can take the lead during chords and octave passagework, creating assured playing. Here are a few practice ideas to strengthen our thumbs.

  1. Start with a thumb exercise away from the keyboard; I like to use a circular motion exercise. Observe the three thumb joints; the first at the bottom of the thumb, next to the wrist, the second, at the thumb base, and the third, in the middle of the thumb. By moving the whole thumb in an upward (almost above the hand) then downward motion, so that the movement finishes with the thumb under the hand, whilst keeping the arm relaxed but still, you can start to loosen the fleshy areas, so that they feel pliable and soft. Aim to keep the movement flexible and free of any tension.
  2. Observe your thumb position on the keys. The thumb is naturally lower than the other fingers, and it should ideally make contact with the keys on the tip of the thumb nail; at the left tip for the right hand, and right tip, for the left hand. The nail just touching the keys. Try to avoid the whole side of the thumb flopping down on the keys, as this position makes thumb control challenging.
  3. To practice thumb positions and get the thumb moving, play a one octave C major scale ascending with the following fingering: 12121212 (right hand), 21212121 (left hand), you can then switch fingers starting with 21 in the right hand, and 12 in the left. Practising with 13131313 (right hand) can be helpful too. Ensure a flexible thumb movement every time the thumb moves over or under the hand.
  4. Now try a one octave chromatic scale using the same fingering; when you move to the black notes, try to ‘place’ the thumb tip with care as these notes are narrower therefore demanding greater accuracy. Thumbs will also need to employ a larger movement in order to negotiate these notes.
  5. Finally, practise intervals i.e. a C and E in the right hand using the third finger on the C and thumb on the E, and in the left hand, the thumb playing the C and third finger, the E. This seemingly unnatural position (practising the turning motion) will require a tension free hand so ensure the ‘fleshy’ part of your hand is relaxed as opposed to taut and ‘locked up’. When playing these intervals, sound them together as chords, and keep both notes in place whilst relaxing your hand; this is a useful preparation exercise for arpeggios. When comfortable, move on to larger intervals such as a C (played with a third finger) and an F (thumb) in the right hand.

You can sign up for Pianist’s e-newsletter, here.


My Publications:

For much more information about how to practice piano repertoire, take a look at my two-book piano course, Play it again: PIANO (Schott). Covering a huge array of styles and genres, 49 progressive pieces from approximately Grade 1 – 8 level are featured, with at least two pages of practice tips for every piece. A convenient and beneficial course for students of any age, with or without a teacher, and it can also be used alongside piano examination syllabuses too.

You can find out more about my other piano publications and compositions here.


 



from Melanie Spanswick https://ift.tt/2IcFdr2

Wednesday, May 2, 2018

Hudson Place One– Availability, Plans, Prices

Rendering of Hudson Place One downtown Victoria presale condo highrise at dusk.

At a Glance

  • located at 777 Herald Street in downtown Victoria
  • 25-storey residential tower
  • Victoria’s tallest buidling
  • 176 luxury condominiums
  • panoramic downtown views
  • 11,000 sq ft of amenities
  • 1,500 sq ft of commercial space
  • exceptional access to restaurants, shopping, leisure activities

Just part of the vistas residents at Hudson Place One in Victoria will enjoy from their luxurious residence.

An Elevated Urban Lifestyle
A landmark centerpiece in downtown Victoria’s skyline. Boasting the highest, elevated views of the city, Inner Harbour, and surrounding mountains, this luxurious, modern 25-storey residential tower offers a distinguished collection of 176 intelligently-designed 1-, 2- and 3-bedroom homes in the heart of a vibrant and established urban village.

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The Hudson District is a vibrant, amenity-rich, pedestrian-friendly village with doorstep access to a unique mix of artisan shops, daily conveniences, services, and leisure and wellness activities that are the heart and soul of the community. Its central location in beautiful downtown Victoria provides easy access to transit. It is just a short walk from the city’s best boutiques, hotspots, scenic Inner Harbour, and neighbourhood attractions, including the city’s venue for world-class concerts, events, and sports. For the ultimate urban convenience and the highest elevated views downtown, Hudson District is the perfect place to live, work, socialize, and play.

Pricing for Hudson Place One
As sales have not yet begun, pricing is currently unavailable. Sign up to our VIP list above for priority access to Hudson Place One updates.

Floor Plans for Hudson Place One
Buyers can choose from the following homes:

  • The Tower Collection (Levels 4 – 20)
    • 453 sq ft Junior 1-bedrooms
    • 1-bedrooms from 529 – 603 sq ft
    • 2-bedrooms from 775 – 925 sq ft
  • The Estate Collection (Levels 21 – 24)
    • 2 bedrooms from 849 – 1,246 sq ft
    • 1,112 sq ft 2-bedrooms + den
    • 1,242 sq ft 3-bedrooms
  • The Penthouse Collection (Level 25)
    • In design phase. Details to follow.

With not a lot of units on the market in Victoria at the moment, interest is already strong for Hudson Place One. Therefore, I recommend that those with a serious interest to purchase should contact me today to discuss availability, plans, and prices according to your needs.

New Victoria luxury presale condo development by Townline Group.

Amenities at Hudson Place One
Residents will enjoy the use of over 11,000 sq ft of indoor and outdoor amenities, including:

  • Full-service concierge
  • Cold/dry storage and electronic parcel delivery room
  • Fitness studio, yoga area, infrared sauna, change rooms
  • Creative studio, party, and hobby room
  • Billiards room
  • Business centre
  • Dining and social lounge with gourmet chef’s kitchen
  • Hotel-inspired guest suite
  • Two intimate fire pit lounges
  • Outdoor dining area with BBQ and harvest table
  • Outdoor children’s play area with stepping stones and slide
  • Fenced dog run

Parking and Storage
Six levels of underground parking will provide 245 vehicle stalls with 26 visitor spaces. There will also be 192 residential bicycle parking stalls. Six visitor bicycle stalls will be available at grade.

Maintenance Fees at Hudson Place One
Details included with pricing package.

Developer Team for Hudson Place One
Townline is a real estate development company focused primarily on the Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Since 1981, they have amassed a diverse project portfolio spanning market and non-market multi-family housing, rental apartments, single-family homes, heritage restoration, mixed, commercial, and retail developments. Through the firm’s various departments, they stay hands-on for the entire life of a project to ensure they create the kind of residential and commercial places people want as their own, such as 999 Seymour, 1335 Howe, and Calla at The Gardens.

Established in 1983, Rafii Architects is a Vancouver architectural firm offering comprehensive services in architecture, urban design, planning, and interior design. Rafii Architects provides client-focused consultation with a collaborative approach to each project. Their reputation is characterized by a proven ability to work with public officials and challenging client programs, while maintaining a timeless and refined design philosophy. Rafii’s extensive portfolio includes many well-received projects throughout the Greater Vancouver area, Vancouver Island, Alberta, and the US with particular recognition for high-rise residential and mixed-use projects.

Cristina Oberti, a respected interior designer whose name is well-known in Vancouver, will be applying her extensive knowledge and systematic design process to create a unified look for Hudson Place One that conveys a unique and coherent, yet stylish message.

Expected Completion for Hudson Place One
Mid-2020. Sales begin mid-2018.

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George by Marcon – Availability, Plans, Prices

Artist's concept of presale Port Moody condos by Marcon.

At a Glance

  • located on the 3000 & 3100 blocks of Saint George Street
  • 2 x 6-storey woodframe condo buildings
  • 11 x 3-storey townhome buildings
  • 179 x 1- to 3-bedroom condominiums
  • 73 x 3- & 4-bedroom townhouses
  • short walk to Moody Centre Station
  • near Rocky Point Park
  • close to Brewery Row craft breweries

Coast Mountains vista seen from a kayak in Burrard Inlet off Rocky Point Park in Port Moody.

Modern Port Moody Homes
Coming soon to Moody Centre is George by Marcon, distinct 1- to 4-bedroom condos and townhomes, ranging in size from 472 to 1,627 sq ft. In the heart of the revitalization of Saint Johns Street, George is a short walk to shops, restaurants, galleries, and bakeries. Kayaking, biking, and hiking is just five minutes away at Rocky Point Park, opposite Brewery Row where you can relax afterwards in one of the popular craft brewery tasting rooms. Nearby Moody Centre Station offers convenient rapid transit connections to downtown Vancouver via the West Coast Express or other destinations in Metro Vancouver, like shopping at Coquitlam Centre, with Skytrain’s Evergreen Line. Yes, Port Moody.

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Pricing for George
Priced from $399,900 to $599,900. Sign up to our VIP list above for priority access to George updates.

Floor Plans for George
George offers an exciting mix of new housing for Port Moody to be built in three phases. Phase One will see the construction of 179 condominium homes within two six-storey woodframe buildings on the north side of Saint George Street. These will consist of 104 1-bedrooms, 55 2-bedrooms, and 20 3-bedrooms, ranging in size from 472 to 1,627 sq ft.

On the south side of Saint George Street, Phase Two will consist of 37 3-bedroom townhomes within six 3-storey buildings. Phase Three will see the development of 36 3-bedroom townhomes within five 3-storey buildings, offering 13 3-bedroom 23 4-bedroom residences. Each townhouse has a balcony on the second floor, facing an internal driveway and a usable patio space fronting the street.

Those with a serious intent to purchase should contact me today to discuss availability, plans, and prices for this highly desirable living opportunity.

Amenities at George
A 1,139.7 sq ft shared indoor amenity space will be available for use by condominium residents. A large outdoor amenity space in front of the condominium building facing Saint George Street, includes a children’s play space, off-leash dog run, and a fire-pit lounge. The developer will also rehabilitate the Dallas Creek watershed running through the property, creating a natural habitat around the stream that includes planting 187 new trees, as well as a new 35,197 sq ft public park with a greenway trail and an open play area.

Parking and Storage
Residents of the two condominium buildings will be provided with 227 vehicle parking spaces, while visitors will have use of 36 parking stalls. Of these, 46 spaces will have electrical vehicle charging outlets. Bicycle storage will be available with 224 resident spaces. Another 12 bicycle stalls in racks will be provided for visitors. The western townhouse block will offer 74 resident and seven visitor vehicle parking spaces. The eastern townhouse block will have space for 72 resident and seven visitor vehicles.
Maintenance Fees at George
TBA.

Developer Team for George
Beginning life as a construction company has given Marcon Developments the experience to deliver homes not only of high standards, but also of high value. Homes built with extra attention to detail – where the fit and finish is just that much better. Marcon has developed some notable residences over the years, such as the first high-rise in Canada to achieve LEED certification. Building to these standards helps to future-proof your home, as well as allowing you to breathe easy from the first day you move in.

Shift Architecture has been chosen to design George. Shift is a high-performance practice with a track record of respected, inspired projects throughout Vancouver and the Lower Mainland. With proven expertise in multi-family housing, Shift boasts a diverse portfolio of residential, commercial, healthcare, and mixed-use developments. Renowned for its collaborative design process, Shift’s team of core personnel draws upon a deep collective well of experience spanning decades.

Expected Completion for George
TBA.

Are you interested in learning more about other homes in Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam, or Port Moody?

Check out these great Tri-Cities Presales!

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April 2018 Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver Statistics Package with Charts & Graphs

Home sales down, listings up across Metro Vancouver

Metro Vancouver REBGV April Stats

The Metro Vancouver housing market saw fewer home buyers and more home sellers in April.

The Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver (REBGV) reports that residential property sales in the region totalled 2,579 in April 2018, a 27.4 per cent decrease from the 3,553 sales recorded in April 2017, and a 2.5 per cent increase compared to March 2018 when 2,517 homes sold.

Last month’s sales were 22.5 per cent below the 10-year April sales average.

“Market conditions are changing. Home sales declined in our region last month to a 17-year April low and home sellers have become more active than we’ve seen in the past three years,” Phil Moore, REBGV president said. “The mortgage requirements that the federal government implemented this year have, among other factors, diminished home buyers’ purchasing power and they’re being felt on the buyer side today.”

There were 5,820 detached, attached and apartment properties newly listed for sale on the Multiple Listing Service® (MLS®) in Metro Vancouver in April 2018. This represents an 18.6 per cent increase compared to the 4,907 homes listed in April 2017 and a 30.8 per cent increase compared to March 2018 when 4,450 homes were listed.

The total number of properties currently listed for sale on the MLS® system in Metro Vancouver is 9,822, a 25.7 per cent increase compared to April 2017 (7,813) and a 17.2 per cent increase compared to March 2018 (8,380).

“Home buyers have more breathing room this spring. They have more selection to choose from and less demand to compete against,” Moore said.

For all property types, the sales-to-active listings ratio for April 2018 is 26.3 per cent. By property type, the ratio is 14.1 per cent for detached homes, 36.1 per cent for townhomes, and 46.7 per cent for condominiums.

Generally, analysts say that downward pressure on home prices occurs when the ratio dips below the 12 per cent mark for a sustained period, while home prices often experience upward pressure when it surpasses 20 per cent over several months.

The MLS® Home Price Index composite benchmark price for all residential properties in Metro Vancouver is currently $1,092,000. This represents a 14.3 per cent increase over April 2017 and a 0.7 per cent increase compared to March 2018.

Sales of detached properties in April 2018 reached 807, a 33.4 per cent decrease from the 1,211 detached sales recorded in April 2017. The benchmark price for detached properties is $1,605,800. This represents a 5.1 per cent increase from April 2017 and a 0.2 per cent decrease compared to March 2018.

Sales of apartment properties reached 1,308 in April 2018, a 24 per cent decrease from the 1,722 sales in April 2017. The benchmark price of an apartment property is $701,000. This represents a 23.7 per cent increase from April 2017 and a 1.1 per cent increase compared to March 2018.

Attached property sales in April 2018 totalled 464, a 25.2 per cent decrease compared to the 620 sales in April 2017. The benchmark price of an attached unit is $854,200. This represents a 17.7 per cent increase from April 2017 and a 2.3 per cent increase compared to March 2018.

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Tuesday, May 1, 2018

Presale condo assignments ARE NOT Shadow Flips and DO NOT push up real estate prices in Vancouver

Recent media articles on presale condo assignments of contract have been full of factual errors and have misrepresented presale assignments as shadow flips.

Presale condo assignments ARE NOT Shadow flipping.

Let’s clarify.

What is a Shadow Flip?

A shadow flip is when an existing property primarily a single family house or single family house lot is purchased by a buyer under false pretenses. The contract that was used to purchase the property has a clause in it saying that the buyer can assign the contract without the permission of the seller. This practice victimized unsophisticated sellers of single-family houses in areas that had lots of demand before the Advent of the foreign buyers tax. This practice of assigning existing properties without permission is now not allowed in British Columbia. If the buyer of an existing property wants to assign it prior to completion, they need to get the seller to sign a release saying they will allow on assignment of the contract to occur.

What is a Presale Condo Assignment of Contract?

A presale condo assignment of contract is when the buyer of a presale condo sells their rights or “assigns” their rights under the contract to another person. The original seller of the presale, the Developer or builder of the property has to give written permission to allow the assignment to occur.

Presale condo assignments regulated by legislation called the Real Estate Development and Marketing Act here in British Columbia.

Again, to assign a presale condo contract you need to get permission from the original seller which is the developer.

Developers here in British Columbia are some of the most sophisticated and richest people in the province and typically have the best lawyers in the province at their beck and call. There’s nothing Shadow about this. The written permission of some of the most sophisticated and well-off people in The Province who actually are actually building the property is required to let sale of the presale condo assignment.

To clarify nobody is taken advantage of and everyone who is party to the contract has to give their written permission for a transfer of ownership of the rights in the contract.

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Presale Condo Assignments of Contract Increase Supply to Keep Prices Under Control?

Yes.

Presale condo assignments do not inflate of the price of real estate in Vancouver.

Presale condo assignments actually increase the supply of available properties at times when they are available for sale. This supply actually keeps prices stable or lower than they would be without presale condo assignments. The reason why presale condo assignments occur is because of a lack of supply and too much demand. This excess demand can be seen from the rise in prices we have seen in Vancouver recently.

Consider this:

A person buys a presale. That presale increases in value caused by increasing demand for property. Our person by assigning their presale condo is increasing property supply and are keep prices lower than they could have risen by making their assignment available for sale.

Why real estate prices are high and rising in Vancouver.

There are three major reasons why property prices are high in Vancouver and continue to rise.

  • Demand caused by immigration – The federal government is projected to let 310,000 people immigrate to Canada in 2018. These people need somewhere to live. Canadians have a birth rate that is below replacement level. The vast majority of population gain in Canada is from immigration. A growing population who want to live in the nicer parts of the country likeVancouver results in demand for property. Increased demand equals increased prices when you have constricted supply which leads us to our next Point.
  • Limited Supply – The Vancouver area has limited land available for development. We have the ocean to the West the mountains to the north and east in the US border to the South. There is a limited amount of land that can be developed on in this area. We are not Calgary or Toronto or Los Angeles where we can sprawl our way out of high property prices. We need to build up and that leads me to the next point about government and their role in inflating the price of real estate in Vancouver because of delays and their environmental and social agendas.
  • City Government Caused Delays & Expensive Environmental + Social Agendas – City governments in the Vancouver area take a very long time to allow new projects to come online. This delay increases cost for the builders and developers of properties that is passed onto buyers. Every delay that occurs caused by government increases the cost for the builders of properties because of interest, holding costs, and other costs.  Also if the focus of the cities in the region is on an environmental or social agenda rather than housing affordability, housing is not going to be cheap. High environmental standards are expensive. Social housing in the city of Vancouver is expensive. Those who buy properties and pay taxes in the Vancouver area are the ones who pay for this. Typically they pay for it in the form of higher housing costs.

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